Carbureter.



J. BYRGM.

GARBURETER.

APBLIGATLQN FILED JUNE a, 1912.

Patented June 24, 1913.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. BYROM.

CARBURBTER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3, 1912.

1,065,503. Patented June 24, 1913.

Z SHEETS-SHEET 2.

rasant* caricia Joan nra'oM-, or nr'vanroor., artesania.

cartauanrnn:

sgeciacaaonof Letters raient. Pegmmd'enum@ 241g, gang,

. Appn'eatien niedizrnne a', 1912i smarrito. 7011180.

i To' all/wapa@ t may concern -able vacuum se' it known that r, JOHN Bamm, a Sub- ]ect of the K 'ingof Greatl Britain, andj a resident of' Liverpool, England, have ini I i ,trated in Fig. 1. the -device comprises a short cylinder containing a bellows theA vented certain new and useful lmprovementsin' Carbureters for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a speciiicationl This invention relates to improvements in the method lof and means for controlling the fuel admission to internal combustion engines to suitl various speeds of the engine and is directed to securing an e'ective automatic control of the fuel supply by means of the suction action of the engine cylinder.

The invention also relates to an improved construction and arrangement of throttle valve' such that the fuel may be effectively atomized.

Further features of the invention relate to the vconstruction of the control device, for controlling the fuel admission, operated b the suction action of the engine, and to tile particular construction of the baille plates in the carbureter body.

It is found inpractice that in a carbureter there isa very considerable difference in the vacuum setl up on opposite sides of the throttle valve whenthe engine is running, and the feature of the. present invention consists in the utilization of such consideron the engine side ofthe throttle to cont-rol and regulate the fuel supply on the side ofthe throttle remote fromthe engine.

The invention is illustrated'in the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1'. is avertical section through a carbureter constructedin accordance with this invention the oat lchamber being omitted.v Fic. 2. is an end view in elevation of Fig. 1. ig. 3. is an end view of the baille plates of the carbureter and Fig. 4. isa fragmentary section through the throttle valve head showing the radial ports.

'Referring in the first instance lto the means for controlling the fuel supply this consists broadly in 'providing av device comprising a piston, bellows, or other suction operated-element mounted within a cylinder and carrying an operating rod, the cylinder bein connected up to any suitable point on t e engine side of the throttle, in such manner that a suction action is set up in the linder of the control device by-the engine,

us causing the piston, bellows, or the like,

,to be moved for' collapsed, and t-he operating trod Vof tlie device to allow the needle of the .fuel valve to close. v

ln the form of the control-device illuslbwer disli element 2 of which is fixed to and ',c'a'rries the. operating rod 3 which projects ithrou, 2;h` the lower end of the cylinder 1 and bears against and operates the rod9 of lthe needle valve 4 controlling the fuelad- ,mission froml theibranch 15 connected up tb any suitable type of oat chamber or ,other source of petrol supply, rlhe cylinder is closedr at the upper end above the bell ws and is connected to the induction pipe 5 at the other end of the carbureter and on ,the engine side of the throttle valve a, such connection being by means of a pipe 6 detachably connected by two branches 6e, 6b on the cylinder 1 of the control device an the induction pipe respectively.V ylfhe cylihder is provided with a screwed nipple 7 at ,one end whereby it is attached to the carbur'eter inlet 8 through which nipple the .actuating rod or spindle 3 passes and bears directly on the end of the needle valve rod 9' orthe rod may'actuate the needle valve All through the intervention of suitable levers as desired. Y

The bellows are' constructed from a series of leather disks 16 which are cou led together in pairs at their inner parts etween Ythree superimposed eyelets 17,.the three eye'- lets connecting each pair of disks being screwed together by set screws, or they may be otherwise coupled so as to rigidly hold the disks centrally in pairs. The peripheral' edges of the disks of each' pair are then con- ,nected together by leather rings 18, steeped .in shellac, or the rings ma be of fiber or metal. These rings act as istancing pieces to prevent the disks in each cell of the bellows from closing together under the suction `action of the engine, and thus maintain a constant area upon which the airA pressure may act as the bellows collapse. The eyelets 17 form a guide to centi-alize the bellows about' theoperating rod 3 which slides freely in the eyelets, and the upper element 12 of the bellows which is anchored to the cylinder is provided with a chamber 19 through which the operating rod 8 passes. This chamber has an annular flange 12a which is made to fit tightly on a shoulder formed in the inclosing cylinder, thus isolating that portion of the cylinder inclosing the.

bellows and below the shoulder from the remaining part of the cylinder which is connected up to the engine suction. A. screwed ferrule 20 threaded into the cylinder engages and bears upon the flange 12t of the chamber and holds it firmly on the shoulder. ln order to put the interior of the screwed ferrule and consequent-ly the chamber 19 in communication with the engine suction, the lower part of the screw thread of the sleeve is cut o' as shown so as to form an annulus 20a with the cylinder, and this lower part o-f the sleeve forming the inner wall of the annulus isperforated at 201. rlhe engine suction acting at the induction pipe 5 is, therefore, exerted by way of the pipe 6 and bore of the branch oa through. the perforation 20h, interior of the chamber 19 and clearance 19EL around the rod 3 to the interior of the elements of the bellows,

the slight clearance between the rod 3 and the eyelets 17 enabling the sution to act" `oil or other fluid, the object of which is to damp the vibrations of the bellows and render the control of the fuel valve of a more even character, the chamber 19 forming an overflow for the oil when the bellows are collapsing. The top of the chamber is inclosed by a diaphragm provided with a central orifice 19b within which works an adjustable sleeve 21 the lower end of which fits slidably over the end of the operating rod. rl`his sleeve is internally threaded at' its upper end and fitted with ya regulating screw 22 provided with a locking ring 23 whereby the screw may be axially adjusted in the sleeve; a compressionfspring 14 is mounted in the end of the cylinder so as to bear against the adjustableyring 23, and is held between the latter and-the end of an inclosing cap 11 which screws on to the pro# jecting edge of the screwed ferrule 2,0.` An adjusting screw 10 threaded in the end of the cap 11 and bearing against the screw/22 serves to limit the inward movementof the operatingrod under the suction action of the engine, and t-he sleeve 21 being threaded on the screw 22 and adjustable axially thereon, the compression of the spring 14 may be graduated as desired,'the downward movement of the sleeve being limited by its exigagement with-the ioor l2 of the chamber 19, the movement of the operating rod being thereby positively limited in two directions.

It is found that by'constructing the bellows with an upper overflow chamber inthe way described and filling the bellows with oil or other Huid, a very effective and even control is maintained on the operating rod and consequently on the fuel valve. The

" bellows may however be used without an oil ailing.

ipeaeoa Control devices operated by the vacuum on the engine side of the throttle valve have been previously used for regulating the fuel supply, but they have operated to cause an f increase or decrease in the petrol supply as the speed of the engine increased or decreased respectively, whereas by the present um set up is adapted to close the fuel valve,

while conversely should the engine slow down due, say, to an overload, such slowing down causing a decrease in the vacuum will act to open the fuel valve. rlFhe fuel valve therefore according to this invention functions in the manner of a governor to the engine.

x The casing 24 of the pet-rol inlet valve is screwed into the carbureter inlet as shown, the bore of the neck 24a being made slightly tapered and the needle 9 cylindrical so that the valve action on the fuel su ply is obtained Lby the relative position of the shoulder 9a in the conical bore. lA light spring 25 tends normally to keep the valve needle 9 against the end of the control rod 3.

In conjunction with the method of controlling the fuel supply by the suction of the engine it is preferred to utilize a carbureter operating as follows: In the body of the carbureter is located a throttle valve a, constructed like the usual puppet valves common to internal combustion engines, but differing therefrom in the construction of the head, and'also in the outer or top side. 'lhe valve operates in a chamber which is formed of two cones or their equivalent, the fuel inlet end of the chamber formin a diverging cone 27 while the outlet end o the chamber forms a converging cone 28, the latter cone j forming the valve seating. These two cones are separated by a short parallel bore 26, the

length of this parallel portion varying ac-y cording to the size of valve it is to receive,l but being of such a size as not to restrict the flow of mixture passing therethrough. The

head of the valve is annularly ridged so thatY opening 29 of the valve head may be a couny tersunk hole, or may be the bore of a tube, as

shown, which projects therefrom, and which is adapted to enter another short tube 31 which is carried in the carbureter head by arms, in suchv manner, that when the throttle a is opened. the tube 29a will enter the short tube 31, thus forming a compound annulus therewith, and allowing the vaporized fuel to flow from the fuel inlet both into the central aperture 29, and also Ioutside the cent-ral '5 tube 29n and thus become sprayed or diffused on to the top side of the valvehead,

thereby providing a large. surface for .atomization, the outer, or top side of the valve head being formed with a series of steps or concentric rings like a stepped cone to assist the vaporization of the fuel. The tube 31 functions to concentrate the flow of air upon the nozzle of the fuel valve when the throttle is shut. rlhe coned edge of the valve is formed with an annular step 31 of slightly smaller size, so that when the valve is on its seat a ring or annular vent is left beneath, although closed on its outer side,

through which vent the engine suction may act upon the holes 30 in communication with 'the central aperture 29 thus forming an aspirator. These holes may be bored I radially or may be at a tangent, thereby imparting a rotativ motion to the mixture owing through.A

The valve is operated by means of a cam 32 carried on a spindle 33 passing transversely through the rear end of the carbureter and provided with an arm 34 operated in any suitable manner by therod 35.

Bv rotating the spindle 33 .the curved face ofthe cam bears on the endv of the spindle of the valve a, opening the valve and vadvancing the tube 29B' into the short tube 31.

35 A spring 35a returns the valve to its closed position. Such cam may be arranged with advantage to operate another valve 36, also of the' puppet type, which valve will open to the atmosphere and thus give the engine 40 cool air,y thereby allowing the engine to be used as a brake when going down hill. This is attained by placing the two valves at right angles to each other, the actuating cam 32 or its equivalent being so placed that it acts upon the rod end of the valve a, and en-V gages with a flange or collar 37 secured to the stem of the valve 36, such stem being on the inside of the carbureter, and may be made adjustable. ln this way the 'same direction of movement of the cam will operate the two valves, for example when running slowly the throttle a will be nearly'closed, but whenthe cam has been moved so as to allow the throttle to completely close, any further movement of the cam in the same direction will engage the flange or collar 37, on the stem of the air valve 36 and thus cause it to open. The flange or collar 37 on the air valve is adjustable so as to take up wear. The stem 29b of the throttle valve is guided in a central tube about which are disposed a series of baille plates in the body of the carbureter constructed as follows. The baille plates are formed as a series of disks 38 Fig. 3., disposed concentrically and in y carbureter. `air Athrough the carbureter annulus results 'succession within the inner chamber 39 of the carbureter. These disks 33 of smaller diameter than the chamber are rigidly` .mounted at preferably equal distances apart with respect to each other, and are provided with blades or fins 40 projecting from the circumferential edges of the disks and eX- tending to the inner wall .of the cylindrical chamber 39, and itted accurately therein so as to centralize the bore of the disks. rEhe 7@ tins are arranged somewhat tangentially to the disks, as shown, and helically, so that they form a'series of fixed impeller or de- 'lector blades projectinor across the annulus left between the circumferential edges of the g@ disks and the wall of the carbureter. These ins are continued inwardly at 4()a along the disks, the continuation of the tins, taking the form'of ledges projecting above both sides or surfaces of the disks.

The series of bladesv in each succeeding disk is staggered, see Fig. 3, with respect to tile adjacent disks so that no direct passage through the annulus is left for the vapor laden air when the baffles are in place in the 9@ The axial flow of vapor laden'v therefore in a whirling action being set up which throws the gaseous mixture .centrif-I `ugally against the heated wall of the carbureter resulting 4in a more efiicient gasification thereof. The baille disks are bored to receive a hollow axial tube 41 which functions as the guide for the throttle valve spin-x dle 29, the spaces between the baille disks :lf-i providing a series of expansion or miXin chambers between each pair of disks whic permits the explosive `mixture to become more thoroughl atomized in its Ipassage through the car ureter.

4In order to facilitate starting of the engine, especially during cold weather, it is advantageous to rovlde a communication from the outer side of the throttle' valve seating to the interior of the carbureter. In n@ starting, and after the carbureter has been t flooded, a small quantity 4of petrol will lodge in the lower part of the short parallel bore 26 of the carbureter body. By boring a hole throughthe confferging'conical part E15 28 of the carbureter body a vent is provided giving access to the interior of the carbureter, such vent being located at the lower or flooded portion and into such ventis fitted a short bent tube 42, or its equivalent, B3@ 4 of very small bore, the inner end of which A extends radially toward the center of the chamber containing the baille plates, and is so disposed, that the liquid fuel .entering through such tube will be' sprayed directly R35 out to the baille lates inside the carbureter.

It will be seen t erefore, that owhen starting up, the carbureter having beenflooded, the fuel will pass through the tube and will meet and mingle with the mixture flowing 13@ atl through the central aperture 29 and radial holes-30 of the throttle rali/'e head a, whereby the engine may be started with the throttle Valve in the normally closed position., The small tube a2 or its equivalentmay be either soldered in position, screwed, or clamped, so as to give facility for detaching it for cleaning or repairs.

l claiml. ln a carbureter: a throttle Valve, a fuel supply Valve located on the side of the throttle valve remote from the engine, a' collapsible bellows comprising a series of disks Jeyeleted centrally together in pairs and peripherally coupled by rings; an operating rod fixed to one element of the bellows; an adjustable sleeve on the end of the rod serving to limit the movement of the rod in both directions; a compression spring engaging the sleeve and normally acting to open. the petrol Valve against the suction action of the engine, and a communication from the bellows interior to the engine side of the throttle Valve.

2. ln a carburetor: a throttle valve, a central aperture in the Valve; radial ports leading to the seating of the valve; a step in the "valve face; a tube adapted when the throttle valve is fully opened to form with the central aperture a compound annulus; annular ridges on the throttle Valve head; a small bore tube counicating with both sides of the throttle yalye; a fuel supply valve lo cated on the side of the throttle Valve remanana vmote from the en ne, Huid pressure means located on t-he side of the throttle valve remote from the engine, fluid pressure means controlling said fuel supply valve, and a communication between the fuel valve controlling means and the engine side of the throttle valve.

l. lin a carburetor: a throttle Valve, a fuel supply valve located on the, side of the throttle Valve remote from the engine, means controlling said fuel supply valve, a connication between the fuel valve controlling means and the engine side of the throttle valve, a third valve; an adjustable dange von the stem of said third Valve; and a cam mounted in the carburetor adapted to operate both the throttle and said third valve.

lln testimony whereof l ax my signature in presence of two witnesses.

lllN BYRGM. Witnesses:

A.. el. Davies, B., Kreisen 

